Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Explain How the Solow Growth Model Would Analyse the Effects of a Fall in the Household Saving Ratio

In this essay, I will focus on two important aspects. The first is to give a brief historical outline of the Solow growth model. The second thread runs express how the outline on the Solow growth model might explain the effect of a fall in the household savings ratio. My essay will be guided by the diagram provided on which I have to make specific references and to think through as well as explain the various steps of the Solow growth model and what this would mean for economic growth. Without dismissing earlier attempts, the foundations upon which modern economic growth theory rests on the foundations put by US economist Robert Solow (1924-) in the 1950s and 1960s. The Solow growth model is very neoclassic in that it focuses primarily on the supply side. The Solow model seems to implicitly assume that, as long as the supply of goods increases, economic growth can be attained. In this way it is apparently different from Keynesian models of which focus is on the demand side of the economy such as inflation and unemployment. One of the major central reason by Solow to come up with the Solow model came from the desire to know what happens in the long run to an economy in which capital accumulation is taking place. In pursuit of an answer to this question Solow came up with a degree of mathematical and analytical work. Solow pursued a model of an economy in which one has a single good that can be consumed or invested, and he says the total output in the economy Y to the total labour supply L and the stock of physical capital K. When Solow talked of physical capital he meant things like machinery, buildings, equipment, things used by labour to make products. The aggregate measurement of output is symbolised by (Y), labour (L) and capital (K). This means that Y,L and K are variables describing the whole economy. The Solow growth model tells us that in the long term, the development of a closed economy will remain at a steady state, where there is no more growth. In figure 2, the economy has settled down in point E. Here, the fraction of an average worker output that is being saved, equals the average required investment to account for the depreciation and decay. This being achieved with k1 amount of capital per worker, the economy produces an output of y1 per worker, the economy produces an output of y1 per worker. A sudden fall in the household saving ratio to s*< s leads to negative net investments F minus E: workers only save a fraction s* of still the same y1, and therefore there is not enough being saved in the economy to be able to finance the decay of the capital stock at k1. As the level k1 cannot be retained by the average worker which is (negative net investments), the output per worker y has to start to decrease. In a dynamic process, the economy will move along the curve y=f(k), that means the amount of output per worker y will decrease, until it settles at a new steady state, where the net invstements equal zero. This being achieved at point E*, the resulting capital intensity is k*, with which an output of y* can be produced with y* being smaller than y1. In other words, a fall in the household ratio leads to a decrease of the amount of capital stock, a closed economy is able to to retain in the long term. The decay in the existing capital stock cannot anymore be completely replaced by investments, as there is not enough money being saved in the economy due to the fall in the household saving ratio. These resulting negative net investments will force the economy to decrease its output to the level y*. Only here, the amount being saved in the economy can again replace the complete decaying capital stock, which means the economy settles at a new long term equilibrium, a new steady state. The fall in the household saving ratio has therefore reduced the productivity of the average worker in the economy. PART B How far do models of corporation and bargaining alter our understanding of the potential for corporation between states. In this essay, I will focus myself on two models of cooperation and bargaining. The first model is called realism and its thrust is to say that the international political systems as a whole is anarchic in so far as there is no world government but what exists are multiple competing sovereigns. In terms of cooperation and bargaining between states realism poses real challenges to interdependence and specialisation. The second model is called liberalism and like realism it begins by acknowledging that the system is of course anarchic but it goes a bit further to argue that the interests that states seek to pursue in conditions of anarchy are shaped very much by the nature of the society, domestic, and transnational over which they seek to rule and particularly liberals stress the role of dominant powerful groups within society in shaping the nature of the national interests and this is clearly illustrated in a story about the development of India`s national interest in chapter 6. The fundamental difference between the two models is that liberalism says it is not just anarchy plus the distribution of power, it`s anarchy, and the distribution of power plus interdependence. The prospects for cooperation between states under conditions of both anarchy and interdependence bring to fore three aspects of the game. The first, the game is positive-sum when states are concerned purely with their absolute gains but the chance for bargaining and cooperation to mutual advantage are real and if the positive-sum is changed negatively it results in zero-sum games in which neither will be prepared to move from the original position hence blocking cooperation. The third is when states care about both their absolute gains and their relative positions giving us an indeterminate outcome and it very much depends on how the nations weigh the one against the other. In answering the question topic therefore, I am diving into a web of complexity. The realists`philosophical thrust claims that in an anarchic system, what then differentiates states are rather their capabilities as compared to their functions. In short it is the power of states, not their common purposes (survival), that differentiates one international political system from another (Bromley, 2004 p113) In the Realist mode therefore, the state will seek to avoid as necessary as possible forms of interdependence that create vulnerability in relation to issues of security, so they will avoid all forms of subordination with relation to other states in terms of power, since the superior power of some may also threaten the security of the weak. An example in our world today could be United States with the killing of Osama Bin Laden, where the US Navy SEALS are accused of transgression and trespassing into Pakistan without sovereign rights. In just some few words one could say that the international political systems between and among states according to realists comprise an anarchy of similar, competing political authorities in which each strives to maintain or improve its relative power base. Mexico epitomises this concept in the 1910 revolution and the subsequent creation of the PRI in 1929 which fostered a strong nationalistic ideology geared toward maintaining the independence of the country from foreign economic and political influences. Having outlined in short the essence of realist philosophy, there is need therefore, to ask what implications does this realist thinking have on cooperation and bargaining between states? The realist thinking has very essential implications in the fact that cooperation between states have to be severely limited even with big organisations like WTO because what should be avoided at all costs are dependencies. Even if there are benefits that accrue from cooperation with another state, you simply cannot depend on another country since this can create vulnerabilities lets say in cases of diplomatic fallout or cases of war. Another recent example is the treacherous diplomatic fallout between United Kingdom and Malawi with consequences on bilateral relations and especially the impact it will have on a largely dependent country Malawi. That limits considerably the scope for cooperation. According to Huysmans the other element that restrict cooperation between states, or even regional blocks in this case, sometimes like the European Union, â€Å"they are not calculating primarily their benefits from cooperation in terms of what they would gain in comparison to their major competitors, because what matters is not how much richer I become as a state, what matters is how much richer I become as a state compared to you, because then I`m more powerful, can translate to military power, economic power and so on† (Huysmans, Audio CD, 2010) In short state actors have to guarantee their own self-preservation, that is to say individuals in a state of nature or states in an anarchic international system will not willingly cooperate if the result is an increase in vulnerabilities and/ or decrease in relative power. Paul Hirst, a sociologist and political theorist served a blow to to realists`arguments by going against the view that sovereign control of territory is forged purely internally by arguing that states need to interact in the anarchic realm of international politics with other states. The achievement of sovereignty therefore, is at least partly the product of agreements between states in the form of recognition of each others`sovereign rights (Bromley 2004, p120) In this case therefore one dependents on the other. This then is the best chance to bring into play liberalism which argues that what we need to look at is the way in which the different national interests of states, that are shaped by the societies over which they rule, are configured together when put together at an international system. What we have are states all interacting with one another, all chasing national interests, as defined by their dominant groups, and those interests configure in different ways sometimes states interests are conflictual, sometimes cooperative and at some points mutually beneficial. Trade liberalisation is an example where arguably, the interests of states that are mutually engaging in trade liberalisation are not in conflict. They can both benefit from trade. States may come to view their position in relation to the others in a much more absolute terms and as a consequence of that, with full understanding of the fact that the structure of international system is interdependent as well as anarchic, enduring cooperation is at least a possibility. The states according to Bromley face an environment of what is called â€Å"strategic inter-dependence† to mean the strategies that one can champion are conditioned by their anticipation of the strategies that others will pursue (Bromley CD 2010). Unlike, the realists, the assumption is that when states`interests interact internationally, it is not always the case that states will focus on their position or be worried about dependence, and the argument pursued is that security is only one value among others, that security will be balanced alongside other considerations like economic welfare, promotion of cultural values, or whatever. In this regard Mexico is a perfect example, in so far as Mexico joined NAFTA, not worrying so much about its position vis-a-vis its dominant neighbour, the United States but increasingly focusing on the absolute gains that Mexico might make through those policies. Chapter 9, says states sometimes interact in positive-sum ways, meaning when they interact they both gain from cooperation and bargaining, sometimes they interact in ways that are zero-sum; if I gain you lose or otherwise it is negative-sum in which both sides lose. The realists model that Jef outlines seems to advocate or assume that all cooperation because they are relative ains, are zero-sum; if I gain you lose but according to liberal thinking there are situations when it is a win-win situation (Bromley CD 2010) The Liberal model also argues that there are many situations where mutual dependence does not imply vulnerability vis-a-vis security or even worry about their relative position vis-a-vis other states and an example could be that as a country, we can come to define our national interest in terms, not of how we are progressing vis-a-vis another country but how we are coping vis-a-vis last year, focused only on our growth rate. The core claim of liberal model is that once you recognise the strategic nature of interdependence and once you recognise that the national interest is socially shaped by society and not just deriving from your position in the state system, then the possibilities of cooperation are far much greater. Concluding remarks draws three general conclusions, the game is positive-sum if states are geared solely with their absolute gains, there is chance for co-operative bargaining to mutual advantage. Anarchy is no danger to cooperation in this world. Secondly, if states evaluate their positions purely in relation to others, then all games even positive-sum ones are turned to zero-sum ones where neither will be prepared to move away from the original thereby blocking cooperation as was seen between the superpowers during the Cold War. Thirdly, when states care about their absolute gains and their relative positions, the outcome is indeterminate and depends on how they weigh the one against the other. If relative considerations do not weigh too heavily in their calculations, states may still find themselves in a positive-sum game.

Describe the Three Different Parenting Styles and Discuss How They Might Impact on Children’s Behavior

According to Diana Baumrind, a clinical and developmental psychologist, parents will use one of three parenting styles. Baumrind based these three parenting styles on four factors; Disciplinary strategies, Warmth and Nurturance, Communication styles and expectations of maturity and control, these were identified as the four dimensions of parenting. I will now discuss the three parenting styles and the impacts these styles have on children’s behaviour. Baumrind’s three parenting style’s, based on the four dimensions of parenting are; Authoritarian, Permissive and Authoritative. Authoritarian parents set very strict disciplinary rules; they expect their children to follow strict rules and regulations with strict boundaries. They exert their control over their children by telling them what they can and can’t do, without giving them choices or options. Authoritarian parents often scold and punish their children, often in a harsh manner, for not following their rules. Words and phrases an Authoritarian parent may use might include; â€Å"‘No you can’t †¦. ’, ‘Because I say so, that’s why’, ‘Do it, do it NOW! † (2013) According to Baumrind, these parents are â€Å"obedience and status orientated and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation† (1991) Permissive parents make very few demands on their children and rarely discipline or punish them. They have low expectations of self-control and maturity and are often communicative and nurturing with their children, preferring to be more of a friend than a parent. Words and phrases a Permissive parent may use might include; â€Å"’It’s up to you. If that’s what you really want to do then †¦. ’’The reason for wanting you to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ is †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ’Well, if you don’t feel like it †¦.. ’† (2013) According to Baumrind, Permissive parents â€Å"are more responsive than they are demanding. They are non-traditional and lenient and do not require mature behaviour, they allow considerable self-regulation and avoid confrontation† (1991) Authoritative parenting style is very much like the Authoritarian parenting style in as much as they also like to establish rules and guidelines that their children are expected to follow, however, this style is much more lenient as these parents realise that sometim es flexibility is required. When children fail to meet expectations, the parents are nurturing and forgiving. Authoritative parents are responsive to their children and are willing to listen to and answer questions asked by the child / children. Words and phrases an Authoritative parent may use might include;†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢This is my view†¦.. but what are your thoughts? ’, ‘Sorry, but I thought we agreed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ’† (2013) Baumrind suggests that these parents â€Å"monitor and impart clear standards for their children’s conduct. They are assertive, but not intrusive and restrictive. Their disciplinary methods are supportive rather than punitive. They want their children to be assertive as well as socially responsible and self-regulated as well as co-operative† (1991) Behaviour can be both good and bad, of the three parenting styles, the Authoritarian is the most ineffective as children will be obedient, but disrespectful, angry, mistrustful, defiant, withdrawn and rebellious (as they grow up) due to the strict rules and regulations set by the parents. Permissive parenting is deemed a very negligent style of parenting due to the lack of rules and boundaries, although impacts can be both negative and positive, children of permissive parents tend to be irresponsible, impulsive, immature, insecure, demanding, self-centred and will show a poor performance academically, but positive impacts are better social skills and belief in themselves. The Authoritative style has to be the best style of parenting as they exercise a balanced control over their children by setting clear standards, rules and guidelines with non-punitive punishment, whilst encouraging them to be independent individuals, they will listen to what the child has to say and is open to negotiation leading to happy, socially competent children who are independent and full of self-esteem. It is not only parenting styles that impact on children’s behaviour; other factors in a child’s life can also affect behaviour, i. e. negative or traumatic family incidents like bereavement, illness, abuse, cultural and religious beliefs, bullying and peer pressure to name but a few, for example; â€Å"Thomas found it hard to adjust to sharing his parents with Rowanna when she was first born† causing his behaviour to change dramatically. (Open University 2013, pg32) To conclude, I have shown that parenting styles vary considerably, have different impacts on children and behaviour and all have negative and positive effects and that it is not just parenting styles that impact on children’s behaviour, as children raised in dramatically different environments can later grow up to have remarkably similar personalities and also children who share a home and are raised in the same manner, can grow up to have dramatically different personalities. But of the three parenting style’s, the one deemed to be the best style of parenting is the Authoritative parenting style, as it is a well balanced style with warmth, support and acceptance. There is control over children but without being controlling. There are firm rules and guidelines set in place, but there is room for flexibility when needed leading to happy, socially competent, independent, confident high achieving children.

Monday, July 29, 2019

U.S. Census Data and Mental Maps Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S. Census Data and Mental Maps - Assignment Example In regard to the 2000 U.S. Census, the smallest spatial scale for comprehensive population data such as home, ownership, etc. is Block. In fact, Block data provides the smallest scale since it can be generalized to tabulate other levels of data i.e., other data stream from Block data aggregation. Paths: channels or familiar routes on which observers occasionally, potentially, or customarily move, e.g. the Goshen Trail at IL route 157 2. Districts: Regions with noticeable internal homogeneity, which mentally, the observer gets in â€Å"inside of† and the region has some familiar, recognizable character, e.g. Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District. Edges: are lines separating districts, e.g. Izmir Bay. Landmarks: are points of reference, usually distinct physical objects, e.g. the campus Clock Tower. Nodes: is an attraction centre that an observer enters e.g. primary junctions on campus Origins of Cities Both the Ancient Athens and Ancient Rome had civilization and achievements, plus Golden Ages. While the Ancient Athens developed direct democracy, Ancient Rome gave the landowners directives to elect their representation. As Athenians achieved in sculpture, literature and art, drama and comedy, Ancient Rome achieved in engineering, aqueducts and roads and copied the Athenians’ learning. ... The apartment in the medieval cities could be occupied by people, whose vicious cycle obligated them to stay there ((Knox and McCarthy 145). The street design of cities and architecture during the renaissance through the baroque era had the quality of perfect suitability with an expression of a culture’s mechanical knowledge. Architecture became demystified in preparation to the way for contemporary design. Cities such as the Rome got influenced by this period. Mercantile Era (1790-1840). During the Mercantile Era, new gateway cities emerged along waterways which connected the western territories and Atlantic Seaboard. The rise of interstate freeways, sub regional passenger airports, waterway transportation and railroads, increased the mobility of commodities and people. Utilitarianism refers to the ethical policy that the correctness of an action should be based on whether it boosts the total of human delight, or value. During the Mercantile Era in the U.S., businesses used t he utilitarianism philosophy to operate on free competition with maintained reforms to develop the lower classes’ conditions. Figure 1: The Sjoberg’s Model of the Preindustrial City. From figure 1, the preindustrial cities occupied by undersized exclusive elite, catered for through their domestics, have powers over the city’s social functions. The lower classes in the preindustrial city are relatively more than the elites, while the majority consigned to the external city edges are the outcastes. Early Industrial Era (1840-1875) Agglomerate economies refer to the net benefits of putting up one or more businesses within a large population center or city. These economies occur due to market benefits that outweigh the additional expenses of residing in a city.

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Strategic Management and Executives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Management and Executives - Essay Example that the most crucial factor that determines the success of any company is â€Å"the qualities of strategic decisions that top managers make in attempting to achieve this strategic fit† (Stead & Starik, 2004, p. 122). Some business owners, however, do not make the decisions solely by themselves; they hire professional consultants to aid them in making strategic decisions. A process is often referred to as the flow of information via a given interrelated stages of analysis with the aim of achieving a specific aim. In regarding strategic management as a process, one is required to focus on the historical and current flow of information, as well as forecast data on not only operations, but also the environment of business. Considering strategic management as a process has diverse important implications. First, it is evident that a change in any component is likely to affect other components because the flow of information is always reciprocal. For instance, forces of the external environment often influence the company’s missions and the company also affect the external environment. A second advantage of viewing strategic management as a process is the fact that strategy formulation, as well as implementation, is sequential. This step is associated as well as followed by development of an organization’s profile in addition to the evaluatio n of the external environment. Then other aspects of management such as the strategic choice, definition of objectives, designing of strategies, as well as review and evaluation take place in order. The strategic management process entails three sequential stages. Data-gathering phase is the first stage. It involves extensive research as well as analysis of not only the external environment, but also internal environment of an organization so as to provide sufficient as well as accurate inputs required for strategic decision-making process. The gathered data is then analyzed, and SWOT analysis identified. The second stage of

Saturday, July 27, 2019

The Effect of Sensory-Perceptual Information on Anxiety Level of Essay

The Effect of Sensory-Perceptual Information on Anxiety Level of Patients Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery - Essay Example This project paper outlines the problem, provides a comprehensive literature review and describes the planned interventions that are designed to provide CABG patients with the sensory-perceptual information they need in order to reduce their level of anxiety and increase coping skills. The project will be carried out within a hospital setting, utilizing all patients undergoing CABG who are referred by the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Each intervention is described in detail. Interventions will include a 12-minute video presentation, an informational brochure and informational sessions with the main researcher. At the individual information session, the researcher will adapt the information presented to fit with the cultural background, linguistic preference and health beliefs of the CABG patient. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Background and need for the project 4 Purpose of the project 7 Significance of the project 7 Theoretical Framework 8 Chapter 2 Search strategy 9 Review of literature 9 Studies investigating the association between anxiety/depression and CABG 9 Studies providing systematic literature reviews 12 Studies on educational intervention and other factors 13 Summary and discussion 15 Chapter 3 Implementation procedures 16 Chapter 4 The Project Teaching Plan 18 Objectives 21 Materials 22 Vocabulary 22 Motivation 23 Chapter 5 Summary 23 Conclusions 23 Implications for nursing 24 Recommendation for further study 24 Appendix 25 References 28 Chapter I Background and need for the project Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a procedure that uses a healthy blood vessel to create a bypass, an arterial bridge, that allows blood to be routed around a blocked or diseased artery ("Coronary bypass," 2010). Typically the vessel used is taken from the patient's leg, although vessels from an arm, chest or the abdomen have also been used ("Coronary bypass," 2010). CABG restores normal blood flow to the heart, which produces a variety of beneficial e ffects, such as decreasing the risk for a heart attack. Furthermore, in many cases, the surgery reduces the symptoms being suffered by the patient, such as chest pain and shortness of breath. The principal goals of CABG are to alleviate the symptoms of angina, decrease heart attack risk and prolong and improve the quality of life (McKenzie, Simpson and Stewart, 2010). CABG is a procedure that is widely performed in all developed countries. The American Heart Association reported in 2005 that the annual procedure rate in the US was over 515,000 (Gallagher and McKinley, 2009). The procedure has a relatively low mortality rate and been proven to effectively alleviate the symptoms of angina (Gallagher and McKinley, 2009). Nevertheless, psychological problems, such as the development of anxiety and depression, have been widely reported in connection with patients who have undergone CABG surgery; and, it has been found that these psychological problems are often long-term, as research rep orts that anxiety and depression are evident in roughly one-fifth of CABG patients a year following the surgery (McKenzie, Simpson and Stewart, 2010). Problems with psychological adjustment can lead to adverse events. These adverse coronary events may include further hospitalization and even an increased incidence of mortality (McKenzie, Simpso

Friday, July 26, 2019

Assessing HRD need is important in developing strategic HRD process Essay

Assessing HRD need is important in developing strategic HRD process - Essay Example The role of HRD in modern organizations has been extensively emphasized in the literature; emphasis is given though on the potential complexity and the increased needs of HRD plans, a fact that has led to the assumption that the development of effective HRD policies requires the active support of both the employer and the employees. Current paper focuses on the examination of a particular aspect of HRD: the development of strategic HRD process. Reference is made specifically to the relationship between this process and the assessment of HRD need. The examination of the literature published in the particular field has revealed that indeed the accurate and appropriate assessment of HRD need can increase the chances for the successful development of strategic HRD process; however, the terms under which the interaction between the above two activities/ processes can be developed are not always clear. It seems that the conditions in the internal and the external organizational environment can affect the level at which the assessment of HR need affects the development of strategic HRD process. All the potential aspects of the above relationship are examined and critically analyzed in this paper using examples – as possible – from relevant organizational practices. ... terprises of all sizes; however, the forms of HRD that each of these enterprises decide to implement is differentiated – usually being depended on the organizational needs, the resources available and the benefits expected. Indicative forms of HRD are the following ones: ‘the training sessions for employees in various departments, the career planning projects and the participation in a wide change effort of the organization’ (Werner et al 2008, p.4). It is also noted that the development of effective HRD policies is depended on the existence of the relevant resources; for this reason, before proceeding to the establishment of a particular HRD plan, the managers involved need to ensure that the resources required for the execution of the plan are available – or, at least, that they will be available in the short term (Werner et al. 2008). Through a similar point of view, Reid et al. (2004) noted that HRD is a key process for enterprises of all sizes; however , it is explained that not all employers manage to understand the needs or the value of the specific process. Moreover, the ability of managers to respond to the needs of the HRD policies is often limited – under the influence of personal perceptions on organizational priorities and values (Reid et al 2004). At the next level, Reid et al (2004) state that the responsibility of managers involved in HRD policies can be differentiated – more specifically, differences have been identified in ‘managerial responsibility for learning, development and training’ (Reid et al. 2004, p.118) – a fact that it is negatively criticized by the above researchers. It is suggested that the responsibility of HR managers for the various phases of the HRD process should be equal securing their high level of engagement to

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Pipeline Project in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pipeline Project in Canada - Essay Example However, it needs a Presidential Permit as aforementioned. The projects overall positive effects will be considered. The pipeline project is in accordance firstly with the National Environment Policy Act. However an alternate route still needs to be found to avoid the Sand Hills region of Nebraska, which is an environmentally sensitive area (Flynn & Burnett, 2012). About The Project Many republicans, labor groups and industry groups support the pipeline project as they believe that it would bring about the opportunity of thousands of jobs in the US not only during its construction, but after it as well. It would also reduce dependence on oil from abroad since it would lead to the US having access to the largest oil reserve. Since if the project continues, it would bring in 700,000 barrels of oil to US daily which would be less the price and double the amount that it currently imports from Middle East. It is a project that needs to be ready and started and Republicans do not understan d Obama’s move for delaying the project (Belogolova, 2011). The project is also estimated to bring in an increase of $20 million spending in private sector of the economy, and at a point where oil demand is weak and unemployment is rising, it will spur the economy. Also, if this project is approved, it will spur all aspects of the economy, which is becoming weaker and more dependent on imports (Belogolova, 2011). During construction of the pipeline alone, there is estimated to be a $20 billion increase in spending in the economy, and 118,000 jobs are expected to be created as well. 585 million dollars are also expected to be raised for both local and state taxes that are going to be on the route of the pipeline (transcanada). Many labor unions have also signed with TransCanada because of the perceived benefits of the project on jobs, employment and revenue. They have even signed terms of agreement with the company however, due to President Obama’s recall, their jobs ar e not established as of yet. This is also a privately financed project and therefore it will create jobs in manufacturing and construction and doesn’t need a single penny from the government. This effect of increased demand and supply will also have an effect on other factors in the economy as demand for goods and services in other interrelated industries will increase around the area of the pipeline project. This is called the multiplier effect. It has also been established through scrutiny and survey that it would have a limited detrimental impact on the US economy and would rather enhance the security of the economy. America’s workers want to work with this project which is important even for President Obama (Parformak, Service., & al, 2011). The four International Unions are also committed to work on this project as soon as the President gives the green light. Canada is a new player in the world energy market with the newly discovered oil sands. The current pipelin e is finding it difficult to keep up with the new discoveries and bulk of oil. Also Canada and U.S are strong trading partners; however Canada is in strong demand now due to this new discovery of oil sands and if US keeps delaying the construction of this pipeline project, Canada will give in to the oil hungry world that seems to show more interest. And these energy sources are a stable energy source and therefor US should realize this and agree soon. This can also break the OPEC hold and if Obama

Module 1 and Module 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 1 and Module 2 - Essay Example he assumptions that things must be done differently or new things done which at the end of the day drive to learning (Berthoin, Ariane, & Katrin, 1997). The first topic, changing the consulting story, generally talks about the consulting role and postulates that consulting is about experts giving advice and further states that any time one is asked to help and do not have direct responsibility for the outcome, then that is consulting. The two most popular categorizations that distinguish the different types of the roles of consultants is content vs. process and the directive/non-directive continuum. While the roles of the content focused consultants involve the provision of expertise advise and delivering specific service for the client organization which could be like designing a new system for the organization, process consulting on the other hand has been basically associated with the different activities by the consultant that seek to help the client perceive, understand and act upon the process events occurring in the environment of the client (Berthoin, Ariane, & Katrin, 1997). The recent past has however seen the emergence of a trend towards the recognition of the complementarity of content and process consulting thus making consultants to find it necessary to acquire skills on both modes. As postulated by the author in the topic, it is true that the consulting profession is not a regulated industry and that consulting projects are as a results not publicly scrutinized. This could lead to potential for abuse especially when opportunistic snake-oil salespeople operate alongside highly reputable professionals. The author goes further to suggest that from the perspective it would be prudent that clients exercise due diligence whenever seeking the help of consultants. However, numerous studies on the consultancy profession has postulated that the profession just like the other professions have evolved as a result of government regulations. This arises from the

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Transport and Tourism Wales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Transport and Tourism Wales - Essay Example Other than this, long distance buses as well as trams also travel within the routes to Bangor to Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth to Cardiff, Aberystwyth to Cardigan and Brecon to Newtown and many others. Not only this, national express operating long-distance intercity coach services are present within the country of Wales. Due to which, the mobility of transporting persons and goods from one place to another also became extremely easier and cheaper as compared to others. This helped in the development of tourism industry thereby attracting large array of tourists towards this place making it more renowned. As a result, Wales is recognised as one of the famous tourist destination in the entire globe with almost 8078,900 visitors. Due to which, the annual turnover of the industry gets enhanced by about ?3.5 billion thereby amplifying the gross value added (GVA) of the economy of Wales to about ?44.517 billion. As a result, the economy of Wales became the tenth largest one among other regions of UK. Not only this, the transport and tourism industry of Wales contributes about 13.3% in the national GDP thereby enhancing its position in the entire globe among others. Side by side, development of tourism industry also helped in reducing the trouble of unemployment thereby presenting jobs to almost 8% of the workforces. Hence, it might be revealed that transport acts as the backbone that helps in the improvement of the industry of tourism in the region of Wales in UK. Therefore, in order to enhance the annual turnover of the transport and tourism industry, the government of Wales decided to introduce the initiative of green or sustainable transport within the tourism industry. The prime objective of the concept of green transport is to present safe and comfortable journey at the time of visiting the tourist places of Wales. Side by side, to reduce over dependency over cars as it emits high density of carbon dioxide thereby creating congestion and pollution as well. So, the g overnment is trying to offer more concentration over sustainable means such as cycle or by walking or public transports. Along with this, the government is also trying to develop eco-tourism parks and variety of green national parks so as to enhance the concept of sustainable tourism initiative in and around Wales. Therefore, it might be stated that the initiative of green transport within the industry of tourism proved quite successful in enhancing the economic condition of the region of Wales in the entire UK among other regions. This paper mainly comprises of four parts highlighting the objectives and aims of implementing the initiative of green transport and tourism within the region of Wales. Along with this, it also includes the positive impacts of such initiatives within the region of Wales so as to reduce the impacts of pollution. It also comprises of a brief analysis and findings of the initiative of green transport and tourism along with a conclusion. Discussion Green Tran sport and Tourism initiative in Wales In today’s era, maximum extent of the individual desire to visit varied tourists places in order to reduce the heavy workloads. Due to such underlining desire, the craze of roving enhanced significantly. However,

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

The Story of My Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

The Story of My Life - Essay Example With the separation, my mother had to find a job to support us as the income from the child support was never enough (for the short time the child support was paid). My parents were my idol and with them separated, my world started slowly collapsing against me. A few years passed and I slowly started getting used to the absence of having two parents in the house and I made a great friend from school. The friendship had been casual at first but I found out we shared a lot of things starting from having divorced parents to him having a younger sibling at home and we soon became best friends. We were inseparable and we even managed to go to the same high school. On our last year of high school, we were at a friend’s birthday party and he kept on telling me how such a great friend I was and that he would miss me but I just laughed at him and told him we would go to the same college and that he had nothing to worry about. When we were leaving the party, a truck which was being driven by a drunk driver rammed into us and my best friend passed on the spot. The blow that death left me was ten times worse than the separation and finally divorce of my parents. Life was never the same from then on. I took time off school for three months as I slowly sank into depression. However one day I decided that my best friend would not have wanted me to wallow in misery but would have loved to see me excel and go to the college of my dream. His great friendship and his easy-going manner taught me that life is too short not to do the things you love without procrastination and the first on my list is to excel in college and in my career as well and have a great legacy. I am a tough individual even though I may not physically look like it as life toughened me up.     Ã‚  

Monday, July 22, 2019

First Gsc Cinema in Miri, Sarawak Essay Example for Free

First Gsc Cinema in Miri, Sarawak Essay Leading cinema operator, Golden Screen Cinemas (GSC) extends its reach to East Malaysia with the opening of its first cinema in Sarawak with the opening of GSC Bintang Megamall, Miri under the â€Å"GSC Lite† branding today. â€Å"The 8-screen GSC Bintang Megamall, Miri is the first GSC cinema to open with all- digital halls in the GSC chain, the first all-digital hall cinema in East Malaysia and will also offer the first digital 3D hall in Miri†, said Ms Koh Mei Lee, GSC Chief Executive Officer. â€Å"GSC plans to convert its existing halls to digital halls by 2014†, she added. Also present at the launch was Dato’ Professor (Dr) Lau Siu Wai (Executive Chairman, Miri Housing Group of Companies) and Mr Irving Chee (General Manager, GSC). For those who may not be so familiar, GSC Lite offers GSC’s cinema entertainment magic in a lighter, modest and more accessible manner to cater for markets like Miri, without sacrificing the effects of big screens and digital sound like those offered in GSC cinemas nationwide. The GSC Lite cinema concept was first introduced in Mentakab Star Mall (March 2012) followed by GSC Amanjaya Mall, Sg Petani (Nov 2012). Built at a cost of RM17.5 million, GSC Bintang Megamall Miri will be equipped with three (3) Digital 3D halls and will have a total seating capacity of 1,010 seats to cater to the Miri community and beyond. GSC also plans to open its second cinema in Sarawak a 10-screen GSC City One Mall, Kuching before the end of first quarter 2013, followed by a 10-screen GSC Palm Mall, Seremban (Quarter 2) and 11-screen GSC Nu Sentral, KL before year end. In 2014, GSC has already signed for GSC IOI City Mall, Putrajaya and GSC Aman Central, Kedah. GSC Bintang Megamall also provides online ticketing facility (GSC e-payment) for both internet and mobile purchases (Mobile app iPhone and Android) and offers the convenience to movie goers .This includes the SelfPrint service and auto-gate features to ensure that GSC’s valued customers will enjoy every bit of great cinema going experience GSC has to offer. In conjunction with the new cinema opening, GSC Bintang Megamall customers will also enjoy a complimentary â€Å"Wizard of Oz† multi-purpose pouch with each purchase of GSC Combo 3 (while stocks last). GSC patrons here will be further rewarded with 1,000 â€Å"Buy 2 Free 1† vouchers with every two tickets purchased at GSC Bintang Megamall ticketing counter. For the opening weekend, there will be special movie character and clown appearances, balloon giveaway, movie themed block puzzle games and electronic games. With GSC Bintang Megamall, GSC currently (as at Feb 7, 2013) has a total of 27 cinemas, 228 screens out of which 93 are digital screens, total 41,456 seating capacity nationwide (including wheelchair spaces). GSC will go fully digital by 2014.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

A Critical Review Essay Politics Essay

A Critical Review Essay Politics Essay Arend dAngremond Lijphart born in Apeldoom, the Netherlands is a world renowned political scientist specializing in comparative politics, elections and voting systems, democratic institutions and ethnicity and politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions. The term is generally applied to behaviour within civil governments, but politics has been observed in all human group interactions, including corporation, academia, and religion institutions. He is currently Research Professor Emeritus of Political Science Political science is a social science concerned with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior.at the University of California, San Diego The University of California, San Diego is a public research university in San Diego, California, California. The schools campus contains 694 buildings and is located in the La Jolla, San Diego, California community.His work has focused on the broader contrasts between majoritarian and consensus democracies. The origin of this article under review was an invitation Lipjhart received to deliver at the Stein Rokkan Lecture, Joint Sessions of Workshops of the European Consortium for Political Research in Leiden on April 3rd, 1993 (Lipjhart 1994a). He uses this opportunity to present a report at that time on the latest phase of his work-in-progress a large-scale project, on which he has been working since the early 1980s, that attempts the systematic mapping of the worlds democracies in terms of their principal institutional characteristics. My purpose is to demonstrate if there is one best model of democracy while evaluating the approach Lipjhart has taken. Part of the argument has already been offered by Lipjhart (1994a), and this paper builds on his work. I will demonstrate his strengths while explaining the various forms of democratic methods proportional representation, consensus and majoritarian including implications of his weaknesses. Sartori (1968:273) adequately summarises the electoral system as the most specific manipulative instrument of politics. Democracies: Forms, Performance and Constitutional Engineering Lipjhart (1994a) argues that the choice between majoritarian electoral systems and proportional representation (PR) systems, there exists an exchange, as both are good forms of democracy but there is better minority representation in proportional representation systems and with the majoritarian system it leads to effective government. While Lijphart advocated consociationalism primarily for societies deeply divided along ethnic, religious, ideological, or other divisions, he sees consensus democracy as appropriate for any society. Lipjhart (1994a) strongly suggested that the government by the people or, democracy, as stated by Abraham Lincoln, is an ideal rather than a precise form of governmental procedures and goals. Lijpharts (1994a) article compares the two basic models of democracy: majoritarian or Westminster as used in the United Kingdom and New Zealand and consensus which is used in major Western European nations such as Switzerland. He goes on to state that each of these models use a different approach of an electoral model at how to best represent the citizens. In consequence one may ask, is it more democratic to delegate policy-making power to the majority only or is it better to include minorities, as well? (Lipjhart, 1994a:2) Lipjhart (1994a:2) defines the majoritarian model is characterized by a one party majority executive; an executive that predominates over the legislature; a two party system; a one dimensional party system (in which the two main parties differ primarily on socio-economic issues); a disproportional electoral system; and a pluralist interest group system. This maintains that majority rule comes closer to the democratic ideal than a government responsive to a minority. Furthermore, Lipjhart (1994a:2) states that the other type of electoral system, the consensus democracy has the opposite six characteristics: multiparty coalition executives; executive legislative balance; a multi party system; a multi-dimensional party system (in which the parties differ on issues in addition to socio-economic issues, for example, on religious, rural-urban and foreign policy issues); more or less proportional electoral outcomes; and a corporatists interest group system. He contends that majoritarian system when compared to the consensus form of government is a result of the more divided a country is, the more it is a plural society- the more consensual its form of democracy tends to be (Lipjhart 1994a:2) while countries with a British political colonial past adopted the majoritarian model. Lipjhart (2000:4) then extends his comparative analysis to plurality versus proportional representational systems. Here he analyses 13 advanced industrial democracies with parliamentary systems of government, contrasting four that use majoritarian election methods and nine that use proportional representational methods. He argued three main points: He then goes on to use the same performance variables comparing consensus versus majoritarian democracy where he concludes that Western European democracies with their consensus democracies have superior political representation while arguing that the majoritarian democracies are not performing better economically and that concentrating political power in the hands of a narrow majority can promote unified, decisive leadership and fast decision making (Lipjhart 1994a:11-12). Lipjharts findings are in a particular time period and he argues (1994a:12) the special advantage because of the 1990s are not only the decade of democratization but also the decade of renewed ethnic conflict, and because ethnic divisions are generally deeper and more severe in the democratizing world than in the world of established democracies. In the end his evidence points to consensus oriented political cultures are a strong counterforce to the majoritarian institutional conservatism and they provide fertile soil for the consensus model of democracy (Lipjhart 1994a:15). There are many good arguments that Lipjhart (1994a) makes using his methods of analysis and illustrated evidence. The first benefit of Lipjharts paper, Schmidt (1997) agrees with Lipjhart and what he addresses to be a truly significant topic of political science, comparative politics and that the article focuses the attention with a precisely stated and highly relevant research question Lipjhart (1994a:1) what can the new democracies of and democratizing countries of Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia, and Africa learn from Western Europe?. Schmidt (1997) supports Lipjharts claims, which centres on the concentration of the relationship between constitutional structures and forms of democracy while Lipjhart measures political performance. Schmidt (1997:194) comments that this question is related to a recurrent topic in political science: which political system is more advanced than others in coping with social, economic and political problems and why? Lipjhart (1994a:1) answers this indispensible task in representative democracies is performed by the electoral system- the set of methods for translating the citizens votes into representatives seats. Thus the electoral system is the most fundamental element of representative democracy. Lipjhart (1994a:3) further states the conventional wisdom is that there is a trade off between consensus and majoritarian democracy where he goes on to comment consensus democracy provides more accurate representation and in particular, better minority representation and protection of minority interests while majority governments produced by majoritarian election methods are more decisive, and are more effective policy-makers. Similarly, Sartori (1997:8) states that the major factor establishing the proportionality or disproportionality of the proportional representation (PR) is the size of the constituency, where size is measured by the number of members that each district elects. So and regardless of the mathematical fine points, the larger the constituency, the greater the proportionality. Hence allowing for better representation. While Schmidt (2002:148) agrees however, the view that the English-speaking democracies (regardless of whether the Westminster model or the checks-and-balances model is concerned) are superior is no longer regarded as tenable. The second argument in favour of this (1994a) article, Schmidt (1997:195) applauds Lipjhart on the quality of the research design, the methodology and the empirical results. Schmidt (1997:195) argues in contrast to more traditional case-oriented theories of the ideal state, Lipjhart (1994a) addresses the research question within the framework of an empirical comparative analysis of 21 constitutional democracies. Moreover, the work builds on extensive research, such as his 1984 book, Democracies, not to mention numerous articles on related topics. In substantive terms, Lijphart demonstrates significant commonalities as well as differences between various democracies, such as those between consensus democracies and majoritarian democracy. The third merit of the article By Schmidt (1997:195) is due to the successful effort on the part of Lijphart to bring work on more formal institutions state structures and constitutional structures back into the investigation of public policy and policy outcomes. Following his own impressive research in comparative politics, Lijphart does this within the context of a comparative framework. Lijpharts article inspires other scholars in the field to follow more closely the avenue of a more fully integrated comparative analysis of the relationships between institutions and public policy choices. Finally, Schmidt (1997:195) states that the author derives relevant recommendations for purposes of constitutional engineering from his analysis. Pointing to the weaknesses and strengths of the various forms of democracies, the author has lessons to offer not only for constitution building in established democracies, but also for new political systems such as the new democracies in Central and Eastern Europe. This demonstrates in a particularly convincing manner that high quality political science can generate high quality policy advice. However, this discussion is not without flaws and by careful examination and review of perspectives which might have been neglected by Schmidt (1997) support for Lipjhart (1994a), the following will include theoretical perspectives ignored and exaggerated claims not fully supported by argument or evidence. As Geddes (1990:132) states the effort here is not to discredit arguments or belittle authors, who are, after all, working within accepted conventions-but to demonstrate the deficiencies of the conventions. Discussion First, Schmidt (2002:148) states majoritarian democracies were long regarded as more stable, fitter for survival even under adverse circumstances such as during the interwar period and World War II, and better at problem solving. That belief largely mirrored the survival of the English speaking democracies in the 1920s and 1930s as opposed to the breakdown of a wide variety of democratic states and the rise of Fascism in Italy and of National Socialism in Germany and Austria in this period. Questioning this statement, according to consociationalist empirical democratic theory, such as that put forward by Lijphart (1999) and Lehmbruch (1975), negotiation democracies are often of equal strength and sometimes stronger than their majoritarian counterparts. There is little evidence and inaccuracy to state one is better than other from the evidence that is put forward by Lipjhart (1994a). Infact Satori (1997:69) states the necessary condition for the successful working of a consociational democracy is an elite cooperation whose intent counters the disintegrative tendencies of their society; but this necessary and most crucial condition disappears in the definition of consensus democracy. Second, Sartori (1997:69) argues there is a false belief that proportional systems are inherently superior to majoritarian systems and therefore that they are always to be preferred. He (Satori 1997:73) also states that in the pure form of PR generally backfires; and in the extremist package recommended by Lipjhart its defects boomerang and PR may turn out to be the kiss of death. Sartori (1997:28) thus as a result states once an electoral arrangement is in place, its beneficiaries protect their vested interests and struggle to go on playing the game by the rules they know. Third, another unproven claim by Lipjharts (1994a) article about the two types of electoral systems, he does not go into detail on the discussion of Duvergers laws and is very uncritical of those laws. Maurice Duverger was the first author to address the effects of electoral systems. Duverger as stated by Sartori (1997:29) formulated two laws, the first one states that plurality (majoritarian) systems tend to party dualism while the second law asserts that PR tends to mutlipartism, i.e., that it has a multiplying effect. Saroti was setting up his evidence to show the weakness of Duvergers laws in relation to Lipjharts views in the (1994a) article under review. Sartori (1997:30) goes on to demonstrate that weakness by stating Duverger assumes that a causal relation can be deduced from a correlation; that is to say, he misses the difference between cause of and associated with' while in the second law, he states a causal generalization is verifiable if and only if, the cause and the effect are clearly specified, whereas the effect of Duvergers first law (party dualism) defies underpinning, and the effect of his second law (multipartism) also suffers from excessive imprecision. Sartori comments that Duvergers laws are not consistent and that he can be easily use his evidence to fit his purpose. Sartori (1997:31) states the bottom line is, then, that a law is required to declare more than a regularity and cannot consist of a mere generalization. Furthermore, since a law stands so long as it is not falsified, it must be formulated so as to permit empirical confirmation or refutation. Fourth, consensus democracies are not necessarily better at policy formulation and implementation. Schmidt (2002:150) argues they are also faced with certain problems such as challenges requiring swift response, the rapid development of political alternatives and rapid decision making tend to overburden the consensus democracies. And so, too, do challenges which require the capacity to design and implement significant policy changes. Due to the large number of participants in policy deliberation and decision making, consensus democracies usually need longer periods of time to reach a consensus or initiatives may even get stuck in a blocked decision-making process. Schmidt (2002:150) adds a further weakness of consensus democracies lies in the lower transparency of the process of deliberation and decision making as well as the indistinct accountabilities of the participants in the negotiations. These deficits often are overlooked in the comparison of political performance levels of majoritarian and consensus democracies. Sartori (1997:72) argues if you reward divisions and divisiveness (and this is precisely what proporz and veto power do), you increase and eventually heighten divisions and divisiveness. In the end, then, Lipharts machinery may well engender more consensus-breaking than consensus-making. Fifth, in contrast to majoritarian democracies there is incomplete arguments made, Lipjhart (1994:11) argues that consensus democracy with regard to minority representation and democratic quality is not surprising because consensus democracy may be said to be designed so as to achieve more accurate representation of interests and broad participation in decision-making. While Powell (2000:234) comments that concentrated power is valued by majoritarians for enabling elected governments to carry out their promises (mandates) and for giving voters clear information about responsibility for government actions (accountability). Unless public opinion is very homogenous, however, concentrating power in the hands of the government will be detrimental to the normative principle of giving proportional influence to agents of all the electorate, which is the process most valued by the alternative vision. Sixth, another factor against consensus democracy is that some perform better than others. Schmidt (2002:149) argues other blind spots also include the asymmetric availability of performance data, with less systematic coverage of democracies in economically less-advanced states as a major gap, as well as the tendency to overlook both the imperfections of all consensus democracies and the wide range of variation in policy performance among consensus democracies. Powell (2000:52) argues clarity of responsibility is greatest when a single, unified political party controls both the national legislature and chief executive. If control of these critical policy-making points is dispersed among various parties or among individuals not firmly connected by political parties, then it will be much harder for citizens to determine who should bear the responsibility for policy success or failure and to use their electoral resources effectively as instruments for reward or retribution. Seventh, another weakness of Lijphart, is that he uses different concepts of democracy. Van Schendelen (1981:8) states in his first book, he refers to the election process, in the second (Democracies of Plurality) to Dahls concept of polyarchy. Between the two there exist, of course, important differences: for Dahl elections are only one element of polyarchy among many. Van Schendelen (1981:8) further states in his first conceptualization Lijphart leaves open the possibilities that political parties fully control the recruitment of candidates for an election; that in the interelection period the relationships between electors and elected are almost non-existent or antagonistic; that elites opinions and behaviour are non-representative of the peoples demands; and that elite-politics is full of secrecy and immune to popular control. Eighth, while Lipjhart focuses on certain countries for his research, Barbara Geddes (1990:131) states that there is a problem with selecting cases for study when the dependent variable originates from the logic of explanation. She (1990:131) further states when one sets out to explain why countries A and B have, say, developed more rapidly than countries C through G, one is implicitly looking for some antecedent factors X through Z that countries A and B possess, but that countries C through G do not. Geddes (1990) argues that the crux of the difficulty that arises when cases are selected on the dependent variable is that if one studies only countries A and B, one can collect only half the information needed, namely what A and B have in common which is what Lipjhart (1994a) does. She (1990:131) goes on to state unless one also studies countries C through G (or a sample of them) to make sure they lack factors X through Z, one cannot know whether or not the factors identified are cruc ial antecedents of the outcome under investigation. Countries A and B may be the only countries that have X through Z, in which case the hypothesis seems plausible. But many other countries may also have them, in which case the hypothesis would seem dubious. Schmidt (2002:148) clearly states one result of comparative studies of the behaviour, output and outcome of democracies has been that simple generalizations do not fit. According to Lijphart (1994a), no significant difference exists between the two types of democracies with respect to macro-economic policy outcomes and law-and-order-management. However, when it comes to softer political issues, consensus democracy turns out to be the winner. As a group, consensus democracies, Lijphart (1994a) argues, they perform better than majoritarian democracies in the protection of minorities, voter turnout, income equality and ratings of democratic quality. Schmidt (2002:151) continues with his discussion stating this finding is undoubtedly preliminary, and future work will require more detailed analysis of the impact of alternative explanations and control variables. However, the major point in this context is that Lijphart (1994a) has asked the right questions, such as do forms of democracy make a difference to policy outputs and policy outcomes and, if so, to what extent? Moreover, Schmidt (2002:151) continues his discussion the research published from many academics thus far has already produced fresh evidence on the costs and benefits of governmental systems with different political arrangements and different forms of democracy in particular. In contrast to this, policy deliberation in a non-majoritarian democracy is frequently characterized by extended bargaining, time-consuming searches for compromises and circuitous attempts to develop a political consensus such features are not at all suitable to politics as a spectacle (Edelm an 1988). Finally, Schmidt (2002:151) says the higher level of transparency and accountability of majoritarian democracies also weighs in their favour. Political leaders in a majoritarian democracy are more exposed and accountable to the general public, while responsibility and accountability in non-majoritarian systems often tends to evaporate in the countless networks typical of a negotiation democracy. Satori (1997:72) adds consociational democracy is a cross-pressured system held together by countervailing, solidaristic elites bent upon neutralizing the centrifugal pulls of their societies; consensus democracy is, instead, a one way slope that leads to a self-reinforcing system of minority appetites. CONCLUSION The catalogue of collected criticisms raised against Lijpharts views demonstrates at least one thing: his views are widely and fundamentally contested. But it also demonstrates that Lijpharts views have been taken seriously and that they have at least provoked critical debate and analysis among scholars. This critical inquiry attests to the substance and importance of Lijpharts efforts. I agree with Sartori (1997) where he states Lijphart seems to be more concerned about the applicability or the engineering potential of his theory than about its political science validity. If, along the basic lines of his essential views, democratic stability could be realized in highly unstable countries, then the theory may be weak, but not wrong. In consequence, Edelman (1985:2) states in their obsession with the state, men are of course obsessed with themselves. If politics is as complicated and ambivalent as the men who create it, it is to be expected that its institutions and forms should take on strong meanings: meanings that men cue and teach each other to expect and that are vital for the acquiescence of the general public in the actions of elites and therefore for social harmony. I support Lipjharts consociational democracy as it presents us with a challenging and provocative point of view. But, at the present time, it provides less than is needed for solid prescriptions for deeply divided societies anxiously searching for stable democracy. Perhaps, after rigorous analysis and evaluation, it might lead us to answers for problems confronting such societies. Any answers it might provide would certainly be highly valued by those who seek a stable, democratic political system.

Reflecting on Practices in Medicine Administration

Reflecting on Practices in Medicine Administration The ability to become reflective in practice has become a necessary skill for health professionals. This is to ensure that health professionals are continuing with their daily learning and improving their practice. Reflective practice plays a big part in healthcare today and is becoming increasingly noticed. Administration of medicines is a key element of nursing care. Every day some 7000 doses of medication are administered in a typical NHS hospital (Audit Commission 2002). So throughout this essay I will be evaluating and highlighting the learning that took place whilst on placement at a day unit. Drug administration forms a major part of the clinical nurses role. Medicines are prescribed by the doctor and dispensed by the pharmacist but responsibility for correct administration rests with the registered nurse (OShea 1999). So as a student nurse this has become my duty and something that I need to practice and become competent in carrying it out. Each registered nurse is accountable for his/her practice. This practice includes preparing, checking and administering medications, updating knowledge of medications, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment, reporting adverse drug reactions and teaching patients about the drugs that they receive (NMC 2008). Accountability also goes for students, if at any point I felt I was not competent enough to dispensing a certain drug it would be my responsibility in speaking up and let the registered nurses know, so that I could shadow them and have the opportunity to learn help me in future practice and administration. The reflective model I have chosen to use is Gibbs model (Gibbs 1988). Gibbs model of reflection incorporates the following: description, feelings, evaluation, and conclusion. (Gibbs 1988). The model will be applied to the essay to facilitate critical thought, relating theory to practice where the model allows. Discussion will include the knowledge underpinning practice and the evidence base for the clinical skill, that I have learnt and supporting this with available literature. Description The first stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection requires a description of events. I was asked to administer a drug to a patient named in hereafter as Mrs. A for confidentiality purposes (NMC 2008).I had observed this clinical skill on a number of occasions and had previously administered medication under supervision. On this occasion I was being observed by two qualified nurses, one of which was my mentor. The drug had been dispensed and was ready to be administered and Mrs. A consented to have a student administer the medication. My mentor talked me through the procedure step by step, and informed me that they have struggled with Mrs. A and her compliance with medication before so I should keep an eye and ensure that she swallows her medication and that she does not keep it her mouth. The medication that Mrs. A is on is Clozapine. The decision to use clozapine is not taken lightly because of the potentially life threatening side effect. An awareness of side effects is important to primary care practitioners because they have most contact with the patients. I learnt that using anti-psychotics is just a component of a holistic approach to a patient with psychotic illness and that care should also include psychological treatments and social care. Mrs. A does not have any issue with the drug it self but with the staff, as she is in a very psychotic state. Service users have requested strategies from services providers to manage the risk of using psychiatric medication to inform their choice about which psychiatric medication to use (DOH,1999). However evidence suggests that, there is choice, but generally by practitioner experience (Hamann et al. 2005). In non compliance of medication I had to encourage Mrs. A to make her choice to take the medications and that it was in her care plan and as part of her treatment. A nurse who has built a good relationship with a patient by informing and empowering them will be in a strong position to have a non judgmental conversation with them about the importance of adherence (Mc Lellan. 2009). My thought and feelings I was aware of being under the supervision of two qualified nurses and this made me feel very nervous and self conscious and I had to ensure that I was doing everything correctly and that I made no errors. Once my mentor questioned my practice, concerning if I knew the side effects of the drug I was about to administer, I became even more aware of feeling nervous and under pressure. The patient was present and I did not want the patient to feel that I did not know what I was doing. So I had to ensure before administering that I was giving the medication to the right patient and at the correct dose that it was at the right time and route. All of these had to be done to guarantee that I am competent in my ability to administer medication under the supervision of a registered nurse. This also gave me the opportunity to carry out this task in order to achieve this so I could get it signed off by my mentor in my essentials skills cluster. The nurse patient relationship is by many considered the core of nursing. This can be done to build a good relationship and rapport with patients (Framer.et al 2001). When I was first orientated to the ward, I took it upon myself to read the patients notes so that I had more insight to the patients and their illness and index offences if any. After this I went and introduced myself to the patients because it is vital that the patients are aware of who I am and my status if I am to provide nursing care for them. (Berlo, 1960) puts great emphasis on dyadic communication, therefore stressing the role of the relationship between the source and the receiver as an important variable in the communication process. Evaluation Administering medication and how this combined with care, compassion and communication forms the bases of a holistic approach to care, and with the knowledge I got from supporting literature formed the foundation of my learning and practice. Burnard (2002) suggests that a learner is a passive recipient of received knowledge, and that learning through activity engages all of our senses. Reflective practice is becoming an essential skill that is incorporated into clinical practice and CPD and it is therefore important that the nurse understand the role and the potential of reflection. Different ways to reflect in practice can be approached; however, there are evident barriers to reflection within a care setting including time because of the busy environment a hospital encompasses or lack of motivation if the vast majority of health care practitioners are not undertaking it. The NHS has to implement ways in which all healthcare professionals can reflect in their practice to enhance patient care, as one of the NHSs main aims is to improve the care of patients.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Electoral College Proposal Essay -- Papers Government Politics Electio

Electoral College Proposal Imagine for a moment that a young man has been working hard all day on his own farm. He is the typical hard-working, middle-class American, not unlike Americans today. Normally this young man puts in a good twelve hours worth of work, but on this particularly special day, he relieves himself early. It is Election Day. He considers himself patriotic and takes this day very seriously. He casts his vote and comes home just in time to tuck his son into bed. He sleeps soundly through the night, knowing that he has helped to shape the country he loves so dearly. The next day, he learns that the man he voted for is not his new Commander in Chief. This man is not typically a sore loser, but in this particular instance, he is furious. The man he had voted for received the majority of the popular vote, but had not been elected as President by the Electoral College. We should amend Article II, Section 1, the portion of the Constitution that calls for the Electoral College, because the current system of presidential elections does not necessarily represent the will of the people. With all of the problems surrounding our country?s most recent election, it is easy to recognize that something is not right with our current system of presidential elections. If this system of elections is flawed and needs to be changed, then why was it ever implemented in the first place? Our founding fathers implemented this system for several reasons, primarily to prevent ?the masses? (Parkinson) from electing someone whom the educated political leaders did not think was best for the nation. Dumbauld says that in 1787, the year of the Constitutional Convention, there was fear that a foreign power could put forth a... ...s ?represented of the people, by the people, and for the people.? If we, the people, do not agree with something in the government, it is our right and responsibility, to take action. Speak or write a letter to the area?s congressmen. They are required to listen. Remember, in a truly democratic society, every voice is heard and every voice counts. Bibliography: Blight, Chudacoff, Escott, Katzman, Norton, Patterson, and Tuttle. Since 1865. New York: Houghtom Mifflin, 1998. Vol. 2 A People and a Nation. 2 vols. 1998. Dumbauld, Edward. The Constitution of the United States. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1964. Hamilton, Alexander. Anti-Federalists versus Federalists: Union as a Barrier to Faction and Insurrection. 1788. Ed. J. D. Lewis. San Francisco: 124 Spear Street, 1967. Parkinson, Thomas J. Personal interview. 23 Nov. 2000

Friday, July 19, 2019

A Comparison of Shakespeares Prince Hamlet and Machiavelli’s The Princ

A Comparison of Prince Hamlet and Machiavelli's The Prince  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Machiavelli states that "it is necessary for a prince, who wishes to maintain himself, to learn how not to be good, and use this knowledge and not use it, according to the necessity of the case." Machiavelli's ideas both compare and contrast to the methods used by Hamlet. Hamlet's desire to drive the king mad and eventually kill him, is what he thinks he must do in order to set things right. Hamlet struggles to maintain his position as prince. Perhaps he lacks the essential qualities of a prince outlined by Machiavelli.    According to Machiavelli, the pursuit of all things regarded as virtuous and praiseworthy will only lead to the prince's ruin. This is completely true in the case of Hamlet, because he is on a quest to avenge his father's death. The battle between good and evil is constantly in the forefront of Hamlet's mind, as he wavers between acting civil or getting revenge outright. In the beginning, Hamlet struggles to remain good at all times, but this causes him extreme anguish. Hamlet is an honest man, who grieves for his father. He suffers because of the dishonesty of the others in the court, especially his mother and his uncle, and later, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Hamlet is able to see through them all, and realize that they're dishonest. He speaks these words to Guildenstern: "Anything but to th' purpose. You were sent for, and there is a kind of confession in your looks, which your modesties have not craft enough to colour. I know the good King and Queen have sent for you." (Hamlet, II, ii., 278-280)    Hamlet's honesty is also seen when he is speaking with his mother. In act I, scene ii, Gertrude asks him why the de... ...e his goal was to get and retain power. He wanted to prove Claudius to be an unfit king, and he did so, but only as Hamlet himself was about to die. Hamlet had to cause grief by killing the king, but in the end, he is seen as a hero, because he unmasked his father's killer.    Sources Cited and Consulted: Gray, Terry A. "Mr. William Shakespeare and the Internet." http://www.palomar.edu/Library/shake.htm. Jones, W. T. Masters of Political Thought. Ed. Edward, McChesner, and Sait. Vol. 2. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947. Lee A. Jacobus.   A World of Ideas: Essential Readings for College Writers.   5th edition. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1998. Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Trans. Hill Thompson. Norwalk: The Easton Press, 1980. Shakespeare, William. The Three-Text Hamlet. Eds. Paul Bertram and Bernice Kliman. New York: AMS Press, 1991.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Free Billy Budd Essays: Justice in Billy Budd :: Billy Budd Essays

Billy Budd - Not about Divine Justice and Human Justice Some have misinterpreted Melville's Billy Budd as a story about the distinction between divine justice, on the one hand, and human justice, on the other. Here's a summary of the "incorrect" reading that leads to this conclusion: When John Claggart falsely accuses Billy Budd of inciting mutiny, Captain Vere (whose name suggests "truth") arranges a confrontation between the accuser and the accused. When Claggart shamelessly repeats the lie to Budd's face and when Captain Vere insists that Budd defend himself and when Budd is struck speechless (if you like) and, therefore, STRIKES Claggart who falls down dead, Captain Vere suddenly has a problem on his hands, a problem he did not bargain for. You see, he feels that Budd is innocent but he also knows that he has killed a superior officer, an offense punishable by death. Here's how Melville presents Captain Vere's argument at the drumhead court: "How can we adjudge to summary and shameful death a fellow creature innocent before God, and whom we feel to be so? - Does that state it aright? You sign sad assent. Well, I too feel that, the full force of that. It is Nature. But do these buttons that we wear attest that our allegiance is to Nature? No, to the King. Though the ocean, which is inviolate Nature primeval, though this be the element where we move and have our being as sailors, yet as the King's officers lies our duty in a sphere correspondingly natural? So little is that true that, in receiving our commissions, we in the most important regards ceased to be natural free agents. When war is declared are we, the commissioned fighters, previously consulted? We fight at command. If our judgments approve the war, that is but coincidence. So in other particulars. For suppose condemnation to follow these present proceedings. Would it be so much we ourselves that would condemn as it would be martial law operating through us? For that law and the rigor of it, we are not responsible. Our vowed responsibility is this: That however pitilessly that law may operate, we nevertheless adhere to it and administer it. . . . "To steady us a bit, let us recur to the facts. - In war-time at sea a man-of-war's man strikes his superior in grade, and the blow kills.

The Natural Cycle of Humanity and the Decay of Modern Society in The Wasteland

There is no romance, no passion, only a mundane circular sequence of events, â€Å"crowds of people, walking round in a ring† (56). In The Wasteland, by T. S. Eliot, the society of the twentieth century is described as detached, dreary and monotonous. It is a collection of dysfunctional relationships and tedious tasks, saturated with an anxiety about death. There is a parallel between the atrophy of society and the land destroyed during the Second World War. To escape a routine and apathetic existence, humans strive for the unattainable, to overcome the limits of humanity. However any departure from the natural cycle of the human world leads to the emergence of the wasteland. Although death haunts the speakers in the poem, it is liberation in comparison to the horror of the wasteland. There is persistent angst and fear of death in the poem, yet death is everywhere. The many speakers in the poem wish for immortality and to overcome the confines of humanity. In â€Å"The Burial of the Dead† the woman, anxious about her fate, goes to see the fortune-teller, Madame Sosostris, who pulls out the â€Å"Hanged Man† tarot card and warns her to â€Å"fear death by water† (55). The fortune-teller's words reoccur later in â€Å"Death by Water†, a description of the grotesque death of â€Å"Phlebas the Phoenician. † His death, symbolized by â€Å"the whirlpool,† confirms that there is no regeneration; there is no return from â€Å"the whirlpool. † The realization of the fortune implies that fate cannot be defeated. In â€Å"What the Thunder Said† Eliot again states that there is no escape from death: â€Å"He who was living in now dead/ We who are living are now dying† (328-329). In â€Å"The Burial of the Dead† the speaker desires to abandon memories, he describes spring as cruel; it causes sorrowful memories to resurface, while â€Å"winter kept us warm/ covering Earth in forgetful snow† (5-6). What he does not realize is that human existence is a collection of fragments that distinct memories in an ongoing cycle, illustrated in the first stanza of â€Å"The Burial of the Dead. † Abandonment of memories leads to a futile existence. The wasteland first appears in the second stanza of â€Å"The Burial of the Dead† contrasting the first stanza, which is full of life and memories. The narrator is separated from the natural course of existence and is addressing a person of the human world, â€Å"Son of man (†¦ ) for you only know a heap of broken images† (20-23). The listener is part of the human cycle, he is still part of time: â€Å"Your shadow at morning striding behind you/ Or your shadow rising to meet you† (28-29). He does not understand the true fear that comes once time ceases to exist the way the speaker does: â€Å"I will show you fear in a handful of dust† (30). The speaker has disconnected from society and drifted into the wasteland, suggested by Eliot's diction: â€Å"stony rubbish†, â€Å"dead tree†, â€Å"dry stone†, â€Å"dust†. Only there has he discovered the true meaning of fear; an unearthly abyss. The wasteland is a situation or a place more terrifying than human imagination can conceive. It is complete emptiness, devoid of the structures of person, place and time. Without time memories become meaningless repetitions and cease to exist. The epigram at the beginning of the poem introduces the immortal character Sibyl. Sybil is detached from the rest of the world by her cursed immortality and lives withering away and shriveled up, longing for death, the only escape from her suffering. The other immortal character in the poem, Tiresias, is â€Å"blind, throbbing between two lives† (line 218), also alienated from the human world, not only by his immortality but also because he is a hermaphrodite. Sybil and Tiresias's separation from the sequence of life compel them to lead a miserable existence. The voices of these immortal characters portray how only once immortality is experienced can death become a salvation, a place of peace. The modern relationships that Eliot portrays are devoid of love, companionship and desire. The theme â€Å"when love fails, a wasteland develops† is recurring throughout the poem. The author constantly alludes to the legend of the Fisher King. In the legend, The Fisher King was hurt and became impotent and ill, disabling him to care for his kingdom. He was left alone to lead a meaningless life, fishing. Without his love the land deteriorated, lost its fertility and perished into the wasteland. Similarly, in the modern society, alienation from the natural world and a depletion of love leads to decay. The woman in â€Å"A Game of Chess† attempts to speak to her significant other, distressed about their relationship. She pleads with him to stay with her, to speak to her and to share his thoughts with her (111-113). He is detached, remaining silent and thinking only of death. The man has separated from humanity while the woman remains part of the cyclical existence. The couple remains together yet their relationship has become a wasteland; there is nothing between them. In â€Å"A Game of Chess†, Lil and Albert's relationship is presented though a conversation in a pub. Lil is revolting to Albert, he tells her that he cannot even bare to look at her (144). Lil's body is disintegrating, a consequence of the pills, given to her by the pharmacist, that she took to induce an abortion. They caused her to drastically age and lose her teeth. Lil's desire to not have children is portrayed as unnatural, â€Å"What you get married for it you don't want children? † (164). Lil's actions lead to her body becoming a wasteland. The encounter between the banker and the typist in â€Å"The Fire Sermon† again manifests the absence of love. Their meeting is solely sexual and devoid of any feelings. Even the sex holds no pleasure and is non-reproductive. The woman is indifferent to their relations and upon his departure thinks: â€Å"Well now that's over: and I'm glad it's over† (252), as if she had completed another chore. These series of affairs reflect the atmosphere of the society, the lack of intimacy and the disconnection of human relations. The wasteland is a consequence of the failure to care, to love, to give birth and to partake in the cycle. T. S Eliot creates a parallel between the wretched land of the Fisher King and the slaughter, destruction and ruin created by World War II. The barren landscape left by World War II reflects the inner decay of humanity the same way the sterile land of the Fisher King is an outward projection of his inner sickness. The desolate landscape of the wasteland described in the beginning of the poem, returns along with the character of the Fisher King. Eliot describes the miserable condition of the wasteland, sterile, dry and unbearable. He creates a surreal image of a desert â€Å"mountains of rock without water†, â€Å"endless plains†, â€Å"cracked earth† (370), and â€Å"bats with baby faces in the violet light† (380). This place transforms into the barren kingdom of the Fisher King, suggested by â€Å"the empty chapel†, which is an allusion to the Chapel Perilous. In the legend of the Holy Grail, Parsifal found the Holy Grail in the Chapel Perilous and life returned to the land. However, in the empty chapel in the poem there are only â€Å"dry bones†, signifying that vitality will not return to the land like it does in the legend. Instead society continues to decay illustrated in the line â€Å"London Bridge is falling down† (427). In reality there is no Holy Grail, there is no change: â€Å"I sat upon the shore/ Fishing with the arid plain behind me† (424-425). The banal, circular sequence of human life continues. Eliot explores the themes of life, death, immortality and alienation throughout The Wasteland. These themes are examined in various historical contexts, from ancient myths to the modern society and tied together by the immortal characters, Sibyl and Tiresias. Disconnected by the varying historical context and the many narrators, T. S. Eliot's style of writing in The Wasteland mirrors the disintegrated moments that give meaning to human life. Human life is cyclical, routine and mundane with memories as the only specks of color on an otherwise gray canvas. Death is not an ending; it is only part of the cycle. Immortality, the desire to forget and deprivation of emotion and of love are unnatural and create a partition from the human world where the wasteland appears. Modern Society consists of failed relationships and hollow humans existing in the â€Å"Unreal City. † Its loss of fertility and love results in the emergence of a wasteland.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Zappos.Com Case Essay

1. Sources of competitory vantage lay in the survey of their first offer. * offshoot of all they translated a huge selection of styles, colors and sizes of topographic point as it was genius of the biggest problems of traditional retail merchants. * At the first stage of their entering of the market, Zappos was the first-mover, which eventually supported its success as the market for on-line order of shoes was estimated to be nearly $2 billion. * High level of client satisfaction was as well iodin of the principal(prenominal) factors to indicate proper trading operations of the Zappos.Company achieved such a success referable to its incorporated goal and a look on of extreme concentration on its customers. In the retail business sector on of the indicators of retailer success is the level of customer turn back and Zappos succeed to attain this indicator on a actually tall-pitched level. integrated cultivation was about delivering WOW exploit through service and hiring spate who were torrid about service was the most main(prenominal) names of the top-managers.This WOW effect was delivering through legion(predicate) shipway from the speed of target loading, all-round(prenominal) telephone support, allowance for 365 days of return, encompassing information about the products and fast site loading. Thats why customers were willing to plant purchases to a owing(p)er extent than often. In my opinion, service is a very important part of providing sustainable gross revenue growth for the union as it creates an image of reliable company which operates in the internet and helps people to make betwixt traditional shopping and e-shopping. This image small-arm managed properly was a sustainable hawkish advantage for Zappos.As it was mostly mentioned features of a corporate culture which reserve this competitive advantage than we butt joint say that corporate culture is a back grease for it. 2. According to the prep ar of the co mpany to retain firmty of the customers and provide WOW effect through service, it became more(prenominal) important to physical exercise UPS as a reliable logistics provider and organize 1-day descent delivery with no extra price. Therefore, I outhouse assume that reducing selling be for gaining red-hot customers were the right finding as long-term partnership with antecedent customers was able to generate profit and new customers in the long run perspective.From some former(a) side, Zappos was able to keep transportation costs on the constant level part from the scale of the collaboration with UPS (as it was mentioned, Zappos has become one of the top three UPS shippers). And as it was estimated, UPS ground shipping was able to reach further 11% of Zappos customer within 1 day. Knowing the fact that consumers got used to high qualitative and fast delivery, this could signifi pottly vilify the perception of the brand by loyal customers. This is the reason why company didnt refuse to provide one-day air shipping. . First of all, we should view that in spotlight of crisis people atomic number 18 decreasing their spending on high-end products if they previously had opportunities for that. Thats why it can be suggested, that company should decoct more on mass market products and decrease costs while being very careful about scalable expansion. As it was mentioned in the case, Zappos searched for opportunities to improve its supply chemical chain without sufferingful effect on customer satisfaction.From this point of view, company can concentrate more on retaining loyal customers and getting new customers partly by providing progressional discount actions, but at the alike time keep prices on the resembling level, oppositewise it can create a sense of discounter among Zappos clients. 4. The most important concern while expanding such business as Zappos is retaining this WOW effect. There are many factors which could affect this service o rient culture negatively, so that company should understand that rapid expansion in the situation of crisis can be very risky.From the other hand, there is no need to lend more product to its product flow as its already sell shoes, clo topic, handbag, chafeories, plunder products, beauty, entertainment, eyewear, home, jewelry, sporting goods, and watches. In my opinion, company can diversify its businesses by evolution other e-platforms with mentioning that they are powered by Zappos. That subject matter that company could partly avoid risks affiliated with brand perception and increases sales level by selling more products. 5. The surroundings of a more cost-conscious consumer can harm the business if it wont be careful about its costs.The main judgment here is to provide at least(prenominal) the same level of quality in service with constant rates. Zappos can glare transportation costs through developing closer relationships with transport companies (for ex. try to tig hten shipment costs from UPS or use ground shipment when it wont extend delivery time). Company can also provide selective discounts (for ex. providing promotion discounts for loyal customers or creating encouraging promotional events). They could also take into consideration competitors activities and offers in order to make sure that they provide the best prices or advance opportunities for their clients.Zappos mustiness take advantage of its other midpoint competencies to ensure that the customer will choose to buy from Zappos as long as they are not paying more for the product. Probably, other variant to boost sales would be testing the system when customer have an opportunity to enjoy loose shipping for a bit high price, while company could gain gainfulness from a scope of the shipments. 6. First thing which comes to a mind is preserving Zappos corporate culture and brand on the same level as these things made Zappos that successful.In my opinion, it would be better to le ave Zappos as an independent entity with its magnetized top-manager and founder Tony Hsieh while his forces led company to the leading position. Another thing to concern is a cost structure. One of the ways that amazon tries to deliver a great customer experience is by crack low prices, whereas Zappos wasnt ever been heavy on price competition. This policy also shouldnt be excluded from the Zappos future schema as Zappos brand is more about service, but not a concluding price.Probably, another important step would be Zappos access to Amazon resources. They could be improvements and access to supply chain expertise, warehouses, suppliers and other advantages. Finally, Amazon could use Zappos for looking upmarket towards high-priced goods. The high touch model obviously comes with higher costs. Its much more cute when selling a $400 jibe of boots than a $29 pair of flip-flops. Zappos has already been rapidly expanding their product offerings so greater sales of fashion items like handbags and wallets are already steps in this direction.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Emily Dickinson – Theme of Love

Emily Dickinson – Theme of Love

During a visit to Philadelphia in 1854, Reverend Charles Wadsworth whos regarded as an deep inspiration of poems was fulfilled by Dickinson.Also, Dickinson isolated herself and emphasized her isolation by dressing in white. Her seclusion is present as a motif in some love poems. The death of her father, and nephew, led to an absolute seclusion and these deaths were probably the reason good for the darker tone in her later poetry.Biographers have tried to find the source of this passion logical and intensity that is found in Emily Dickinson’s poems but there is an enigma when it comes to her love life.Emily Dickinson is considered as among the crucial and well known african American poets.I decided to analyse some poems in which Emily Dickinson wrote about love from these different stranding points. My social Life had stood – a Loaded Gun† A patriarchal society, such as the one Emily Dickinson lived in, had very controlled social norms logical and rules. One as pect of it Dickinson described in her poem â€Å"My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun†. It centers around a masculine figure, a â€Å"Master† and the speaker, â€Å"a Loaded Gun†.

She dwelt 55 years softly.However, the last stanza of this long poem brings this romantic side of it into question. Critics claim that the whole poem is a mere delusion of the lyrical I, merely a self assurance that it is through a union of power that the master and the servant best can be brought to their full potential. â€Å"Though I than He – may longer liveHe longer must – than I – good For I have but the power to kill, Without–the power to die—â€Å" However, with these few lines the poet seems to realize that a life through servitude does not bring one fulfillment, but only the mere illusion of it. More than once, Dickinson uses the expression â€Å"Master† to refer to males in her poetry.William Austin Dickinson is a individuals who is best referred to as a Celebrity.Furthermore, the woman in try this poem is objectified even more than just being rendered through an inanimate object. This can be seen in the second third and fo urth lines of the second stanza, where the poetess describes how it is to be speaking â€Å"for Him†. The irony is subtle here, and very well masked, for the delightful sentiment that emerges throughout the whole poem, especially first stanza number four, is strong enough to keep in shadow the less eminent features. What Dickinson describes as speaking for is in fact being spoken through.

Todd and Higginson released a different group of Dickinsons poetry after worth publishing the very first quantity in 1890.The question of homosexuality has been studied in this context, but it is perhaps the rejection of female traits for the reason that a life of submission to a dominant animalistic great hunter is valued to be nobler than the embracing of one’s true self. Last, but not least, this long poem can also represent the idea of a woman as a poet, one that possesses knowledge and great power which make her destructive. Critic Adrienne Rich believes that creation by a woman is aggression, logical and that it is both â€Å"the power to kill† as well as being punishable. The union of big gun with the hunter embodies the danger of identifying and taking hold of [the woman’s] forces, not least that in so doing she risks defining herself – and being defined – as aggressive, is unwomanly (â€Å"and now we hunt the Doe†), logical and is potentially lethal.Emily received a wonderful education.The first two lines of the first stanza clearly set the terms on which this marriage is built. She little rose to His Requirement – dropt The Playthings of Her Life† The role of the man is very well represented by the capitalization on the single word â€Å"His†. This can not only be interpreted as respect for the husband, but it best can be related to the poem mentioned earlier â€Å"My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun† where the lyrical I relates to her lover as â€Å"Master†. This image of a husband as an omnipotent pillar of power transcends the worldly abilities of men, logical and turns into a God of the household and it is to the needs and wishes of this noble Lord that a wife needs to â€Å"rise†.

She had a life that is very reclusive.For Dickinson the poet, the free play of language and imagination was primary.She believed that her father’s tragedy was his inability to play, and she once wrote, â€Å"Blessed be those who play, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. † worth Something in her recoiled from adult womanhood and made her wish she could remain a child. In a famous letter to her friend Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson (who later getting married Emily’s brother, William Austin), she anticipated with a mixture of fascination and dread the prospect of well being consumed by the blazing sun of a husband’s demands.A guy cannot be too careful in the selection of his enemies.Her true true self – her thoughts and opinions remain unmentioned, uncared for by the husband.Dickinson uses the sea to illustrate her point. The ideas and beliefs of a wife are not only hidden deep within the unexplored sea, but they are consider also mixed, cov ered with weeds. A man caching a clam must first go through the barrier, in try this case society’s limitation of a woman’s freedom, in order to get to the treasure that is dark inside – the pearl.

Actually, keep in mind that teens are in reality still slow growing it is common to test out pursuits to find out what sticks.Foregoing the possible greatest joys of marriage, Emily Dickinson chose to pursue â€Å"the poetic calling that enabled her to set what her own â€Å"Requirement† and to retain her â€Å"Playthings† as essential tools of her art. † (Leiter 174) â€Å"If you were coming in the fall. † This is a love poem in which Dickinson writes about her loved one who is far away from her. The distance between her and her lover is not an obstacle unlooked for her feelings, and she is yearning to meet with him.Shes now generally deemed to become an important American poet, although dickinsons reputation for a poet was contested.A season becomes a year in the second stanza. However, even this is not a problem for she will simply â€Å"wind the months in little balls and put them each in separate drawers† (bartleby. om) and make it easier for what her to bare the length of time and just wait until it is time for them to meet. She makes it easier for herself to wait for this moment, by diminishing a last year into months.

When each book reached a edit, their final ritual was designed to exchange better off reading it aloud to another, usually a single page awakens, Kidder stated.She would toss away her life â€Å"like a rind,†(bartleby. com) as something that is not important.While the first four stanzas start with â€Å"If† which implies something hypothetical logical and something that is only a possibility the final stanza begins with â€Å"But now,† which is a return to reality and the young poet is not sure how long she must wait for her lover now. Furthermore, she is not sure if they will meet at all, or is he even coming.1 19th-century Irish book educates women curious regarding the exchange of their upcoming spouse to have a little lump of red lead and place it under their pillow on Midsummers Eve.What if I say I shall logical not wait? This poem is about separation as well.Lovers are here apart because of others, and not their own will. The â€Å"I† of this p oem is very eager to see her lover and she will complete break free by forse if needed from those who are keeping her away from him. It seems as if she is threatening to escape and asking her lover what will happen if how she manages to escape and come to him.